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Russia Almaz-Antey
S-400 Triumf
Russia's long-range, multi-layered surface-to-air missile system capable of engaging aircraft, cruise missiles and ballistic missiles with a family of interceptors of differing range. It has been exported to China, India and Turkey, drawing sanctions from the United States over the Turkish purchase.
In service since 2007 · 4 operator countries
Compiled from public sources ·primary reference ↗ ·last verified 2026-07-01
400
km range
30,000
m altitude
36
targets
600
km radar
💲 ≈ $500,000,000 — Approximate cost per battalion set, export estimate
Procurement snapshot
Availability & export
Russian state channel
Rosoboronexport monopoly; Western sanctions exposure and payment/logistics risk for many buyers.
Channel: Rosoboronexport (state)
Fielded & proven
Established · 4 operators
In service since 2007. Status: active.
Lifecycle cost (est.)
$1.3B – $1.8B
Acquisition is only ~30% of lifecycle cost — operating & support dominate over ~25 yrs. Rough 2.5–3.5× the unit price.
Interoperability
No standardised NATO calibre / datalink detected in public specs.
Derived guidance from public data — export regime by country of origin, lifecycle from the GAO ~30% acquisition rule. Verify eligibility, pricing and offsets with the manufacturer and your acquisition authority.
Overview
The S-400 Triumf is Russia's flagship long-range surface-to-air missile system, built by Almaz-Antey and marketed as a layered shield able to engage aircraft, cruise missiles and ballistic threats at ranges its makers claim reach up to 400km with the longest-range missiles. It combines several interceptor types with powerful phased-array radars, and its advertised performance has made it a centrepiece of Russian anti-access strategy, though many of its stated figures are difficult to verify independently.
Beyond Russia, the S-400 has been exported to China and India, and Turkey's 2019 purchase triggered a serious rupture with NATO and its removal from the F-35 programme under US sanctions pressure.
In the war against Ukraine, the S-400 has been used for area air defence, but several launchers and radars have been documented as destroyed by Ukrainian strikes, including ATACMS and drone attacks in occupied Crimea. Those losses have dented the system's reputation for near-invulnerability and prompted debate about how well its claimed capabilities hold up against a determined, technologically assisted opponent.
Full specifications
Performance
Speed, range, altitude and engagement capability.
- Max speed (Mach)
Maximum speed as a multiple of the speed of sound. Mach 2+ is typical for air-superiority fighters.
- 14 Mach Top 4% of air-defense systems
- Engagement range
Maximum distance at which an air-defense system can intercept targets. Higher covers more airspace.
- 400 km Top 7% of air-defense systems
- Engagement altitude
Maximum target altitude the system can reach.
- 30,000 m Stronger than 82% of air-defense systems
- Simultaneous targets
Number of targets the system can engage at once. Higher resists saturation attacks.
- 36 Top 5% of air-defense systems
Firepower
Armament, payload and guidance.
- Main armament
Primary weapon: main gun, cannon or missile type.
- 48N6, 9M96E/E2, 40N6E interceptor family
- Warhead
Warhead mass. Heavier generally means larger effect radius, at the cost of range.
- 180 kg Top 4% of air-defense systems
- Warhead type
Blast-fragmentation, shaped charge (HEAT), penetrator, thermobaric or nuclear-capable.
- Fragmentation
- Guidance
How the weapon finds its target: inertial, GPS/GLONASS, active/semi-active radar, infrared, laser, TV, wire.
- Semi-active radar homing, Active radar homing (40N6), Inertial + datalink
Sensors & avionics
Radar, sensor suite and datalinks.
- Radar
Primary radar. AESA (active electronically scanned array) is the current state of the art.
- 91N6E Big Bird acquisition radar
- Radar range
Published detection range against a typical fighter-sized target. Higher sees first.
- 600 km Top 8% of air-defense systems
- Datalink
Network connectivity: Link 16, MADL, national datalinks. Enables cooperative engagement.
- Baikal-1M command post network
Program
Cost, production scale and operators.
- Unit cost
Approximate flyaway/unit cost where public. Defense pricing varies hugely by contract, offsets and configuration. Lower is cheaper.
- $500,000,000 Stronger than 21% of air-defense systems
- Operator countries
Number of countries operating the system. More operators means broader support ecosystem.
- 4 Stronger than 63% of air-defense systems
Specifications compiled from public Almaz-Antey and reference sources ↗. Published defense figures are approximations — treat comparisons as directional. Last verified 2026-07-01.
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What is the engagement range of the Almaz-Antey S-400 Triumf? +
The Almaz-Antey S-400 Triumf has a maximum engagement range of 400 km.
What is the main armament of the Almaz-Antey S-400 Triumf? +
The Almaz-Antey S-400 Triumf's primary weapon is the 48N6, 9M96E/E2, 40N6E interceptor family.
What is the Almaz-Antey S-400 Triumf used for? +
The Almaz-Antey S-400 Triumf is a air defense system typically used for air defense.
How many countries operate the Almaz-Antey S-400 Triumf? +
The Almaz-Antey S-400 Triumf is operated by 4 countries.
How much does the Almaz-Antey S-400 Triumf cost? +
The Almaz-Antey S-400 Triumf has an approximate unit cost of 500,000,000 USD. Defense pricing varies by contract, offsets and configuration — treat this as directional.
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