Documents
Russia Uralvagonzavod
T-90M
The most advanced production variant of Russia's T-90 main battle tank, nicknamed 'Proryv' (Breakthrough), with a new welded turret, upgraded fire control and Relikt explosive reactive armor. It remains in active production and combat use by the Russian Armed Forces.
In service since 2017 · 5 operator countries
Compiled from public sources ·primary reference ↗ ·last verified 2026-07-01
60
km/h
550
km range
20.9
hp/t
125
mm gun
48,000
kg
💲 ≈ $4,500,000, Disputed, and reported figures vary depending on whether technology-transfer and localization fees are counted. India's 2019 contract for 464 T-90MS tanks totaled roughly USD 2 billion for the hardware itself, about USD 4.3 to 4.5 million per vehicle, separate from an additional reported USD 1.2 billion paid for technology transfer. Russia does not publish an official export unit price.
Procurement snapshot
Availability & export
Russian state channel
Rosoboronexport monopoly; Western sanctions exposure and payment/logistics risk for many buyers.
Channel: Rosoboronexport (state)
Fielded & proven
Established · 5 operators
In service since 2017. Status: active · ~1,500 built.
Lifecycle cost (est.)
$11M – $16M
Acquisition is only ~30% of lifecycle cost, operating & support dominate over ~30 yrs. Rough 2.5–3.5× the unit price. How we estimate this →
Interoperability
No standardised NATO calibre / datalink detected in public specs.
Derived guidance from public data, export regime by country of origin, lifecycle from the GAO ~30% acquisition rule. Verify eligibility, pricing and offsets with the manufacturer and your acquisition authority.
Compatible munitions & weapons
Publicly reported weapons the T-90M can carry. Linked items have a full spec page.
Full specifications
Performance
Speed, range, altitude and engagement capability.
| Max speed Maximum level speed. For aircraft this is at optimal altitude; for ground vehicles, top road speed. Higher means faster response and better kinematic performance. | 60 km/h |
|---|---|
| Range Maximum distance: ferry range for aircraft, operational range for vehicles, maximum engagement distance for missiles. Higher means more standoff or persistence. | 550 km |
| Power-to-weight Engine power per tonne of vehicle weight. Higher means better acceleration and cross-country mobility. | 20.9 hp/t |
| Muzzle velocity Projectile speed leaving the barrel. Higher means flatter trajectory and better armor penetration. | 1,700 m/s |
Firepower
Armament, payload and guidance.
| Main armament Primary weapon: main gun, cannon or missile type. | 125 mm 2A46M-5 smoothbore (autoloaded) |
|---|---|
| Secondary armament Additional weapons: coaxial MG, remote weapon station, gun pods. | 12.7 mm Kord + 7.62 mm PKTM machine guns |
| Caliber Bore diameter of the main gun or rifle. Larger throws heavier projectiles; not simply better, ammunition commonality matters. | 125 mm |
| Ammunition Rounds carried (main gun) or standard magazine capacity. | 40 |
Protection
Armor, countermeasures and survivability.
| Armor Armor technology: composite, modular, ERA-fitted, uranium-ceramic. Exact compositions are classified. | Composite armor with Relikt explosive reactive armor |
|---|---|
| Active protection Hard-kill APS (Trophy, Arena, Afganit) intercepts incoming projectiles before impact. | Shtora-1 (soft-kill) |
| Reactive armor Explosive reactive armor (ERA) blocks that disrupt shaped-charge jets. | Yes |
| Countermeasures Self-protection: chaff, flares, DIRCM, towed decoys, smoke dischargers, jammers. | Shtora-1 IR jammer, Relikt ERA, smoke grenade launchers |
| NBC protection Sealed crew compartment with overpressure filtration for nuclear/biological/chemical environments. | Yes |
Physical
Dimensions, weight and crew.
| Length Overall length including gun/probe where applicable. | 9.63 m |
|---|---|
| Width Overall width, matters for rail/road transport of vehicles. | 3.78 m |
| Height Overall height. Lower profile is harder to spot and hit for ground vehicles. | 2.22 m |
| Combat weight Fully loaded weight. Lighter eases transport and bridging limits; heavier often means more armor. | 48,000 kg |
| Crew Personnel required to operate. Fewer reduces exposure; autoloaders trade a loader for mechanical complexity. | 3 |
Propulsion
Engine, power and fuel.
| Engine Powerplant model and type. | V-92S2F diesel |
|---|---|
| Engine power Engine output power. Higher moves more weight faster. | 1,130 hp |
| Fuel capacity Internal fuel volume. | 1,600 L |
| Propulsion type Turbofan, turboshaft, diesel, gas turbine, solid-fuel rocket, ramjet… | Diesel |
Sensors & avionics
Radar, sensor suite and datalinks.
| Sensors IRST, EO/IR turrets, laser designators, sniper pods, thermal sights. | Kalina fire control system, Sosna-U gunner sight |
|---|---|
| Thermal imaging Thermal sights for night and obscured-visibility operations. | Yes |
Munition
Round type, penetration, velocity and projectile data.
| Caliber Bore diameter the round is fired from. | 125 mm |
|---|
Program
Cost, production scale and operators.
| Unit cost Approximate flyaway/unit cost where public. Defense pricing varies hugely by contract, offsets and configuration. Lower is cheaper. | $4,500,000 |
|---|---|
| Units built Total production run. Higher means proven manufacturing, mature logistics and spares availability. | 1,500 |
| Operator countries Number of countries operating the system. More operators means broader support ecosystem. | 5 |
Specifications compiled from public Uralvagonzavod and reference sources ↗. Published defense figures are approximations, treat comparisons as directional. Last verified 2026-07-01.
Compare with rivals
See how it stacks up
Hyundai Rotem K2 Black Panther 
KNDS Leclerc XLR 
KNDS Leopard 2A7 Head-to-head comparisons
T-90M vs
M1A2 SEP v3 Abrams 
Altay 
Type 99A 
Challenger 3 
Merkava Mk4 Frequently asked questions
What is the top speed of the Uralvagonzavod T-90M? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90M has a maximum speed of 60 km/h.
What is the range of the Uralvagonzavod T-90M? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90M has a maximum range of 550 km.
How much does the Uralvagonzavod T-90M weigh? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90M has a combat weight of 48,000 kg.
How many crew does the Uralvagonzavod T-90M require? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90M requires a crew of 3.
What is the main armament of the Uralvagonzavod T-90M? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90M's primary weapon is the 125 mm 2A46M-5 smoothbore (autoloaded).
What engine does the Uralvagonzavod T-90M use? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90M is powered by the V-92S2F diesel.
What is the Uralvagonzavod T-90M used for? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90M is a main battle tank typically used for anti armor, infantry combat.
How many countries operate the Uralvagonzavod T-90M? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90M is operated by 5 countries.
How much does the Uralvagonzavod T-90M cost? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90M has an approximate unit cost of 4,500,000 USD. Defense pricing varies by contract, offsets and configuration, treat this as directional.
Similar systems
Uralvagonzavod
T-80BVM
Uralvagonzavod
T-72B3M
Uralvagonzavod
T-14 Armata
Uralvagonzavod
T-72B3
Related coverage
T-90M in the news
Article comparison · Aug 1, 2026
20 of 20: Every 125mm Tank Gun Can Fire a Missile
Every 125mm-gun tank in the WeaponSpecs database can fire a missile through its main gun. Only 5 of 24 120mm tanks can. The gap is doctrine, not caliber.
Article guide · Jul 20, 2026
3-Crew vs 4-Crew Tanks: What the Difference Buys You
Our analysis of 56 tanks in the WeaponSpecs database finds crew size splits exactly 28-28 between 3-person autoloader and 4-person manual-loader crews.
Article guide · Jul 13, 2026
The 10 Best Main Battle Tanks of 2026, Ranked
A 10-to-1 countdown of the best main battle tanks of 2026, judged on combat record, protection, mobility and logistics, not brochure specs.
Article comparison · Jul 5, 2026
M1A2 Abrams vs T-90M vs Type 99A: Tank Power-to-Weight
The M1A2 SEP v3 Abrams is the heaviest of the three at 66.8 tonnes, giving it the lowest power-to-weight ratio despite the most powerful engine.