Russia Uralvagonzavod
T-90A
An improved T-90 standard with a welded turret, thermal sights and the Shtora infrared countermeasure suite. It served as Russia's primary frontline tank before being succeeded by the T-90M.
In service since 2004 · 4 operator countries
Compiled from public sources ·primary reference ↗ ·last verified 2026-07-02
60
km/h
550
km range
20.6
hp/t
125
mm gun
46,500
kg
Procurement snapshot
Availability & export
Russian state channel
Rosoboronexport monopoly; Western sanctions exposure and payment/logistics risk for many buyers.
Channel: Rosoboronexport (state)
Fielded & proven
Established · 4 operators
In service since 2004. Status: active.
Lifecycle cost (est.)
No public unit price to model from. Why so few systems publish one →
Interoperability
No standardised NATO calibre / datalink detected in public specs.
Derived guidance from public data, export regime by country of origin, lifecycle from the GAO ~30% acquisition rule. Verify eligibility, pricing and offsets with the manufacturer and your acquisition authority.
Compatible munitions & weapons
Publicly reported weapons the T-90A can carry. Linked items have a full spec page.
Full specifications
Performance
Speed, range, altitude and engagement capability.
| Max speed Maximum level speed. For aircraft this is at optimal altitude; for ground vehicles, top road speed. Higher means faster response and better kinematic performance. | 60 km/h |
|---|---|
| Range Maximum distance: ferry range for aircraft, operational range for vehicles, maximum engagement distance for missiles. Higher means more standoff or persistence. | 550 km |
| Power-to-weight Engine power per tonne of vehicle weight. Higher means better acceleration and cross-country mobility. | 20.6 hp/t |
| Muzzle velocity Projectile speed leaving the barrel. Higher means flatter trajectory and better armor penetration. | 1,700 m/s |
Firepower
Armament, payload and guidance.
| Main armament Primary weapon: main gun, cannon or missile type. | 125 mm 2A46M smoothbore with autoloader |
|---|---|
| Secondary armament Additional weapons: coaxial MG, remote weapon station, gun pods. | 12.7 mm NSVT + 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun |
| Caliber Bore diameter of the main gun or rifle. Larger throws heavier projectiles; not simply better, ammunition commonality matters. | 125 mm |
| Ammunition Rounds carried (main gun) or standard magazine capacity. | 43 |
Protection
Armor, countermeasures and survivability.
| Armor Armor technology: composite, modular, ERA-fitted, uranium-ceramic. Exact compositions are classified. | Composite armor with explosive reactive armor |
|---|---|
| Active protection Hard-kill APS (Trophy, Arena, Afganit) intercepts incoming projectiles before impact. | Shtora-1 (infrared countermeasure) |
| Reactive armor Explosive reactive armor (ERA) blocks that disrupt shaped-charge jets. | Yes |
| Countermeasures Self-protection: chaff, flares, DIRCM, towed decoys, smoke dischargers, jammers. | Shtora-1, Kontakt-5 ERA, smoke grenade launchers |
| NBC protection Sealed crew compartment with overpressure filtration for nuclear/biological/chemical environments. | Yes |
Physical
Dimensions, weight and crew.
| Length Overall length including gun/probe where applicable. | 9.63 m |
|---|---|
| Width Overall width, matters for rail/road transport of vehicles. | 3.78 m |
| Height Overall height. Lower profile is harder to spot and hit for ground vehicles. | 2.23 m |
| Combat weight Fully loaded weight. Lighter eases transport and bridging limits; heavier often means more armor. | 46,500 kg |
| Crew Personnel required to operate. Fewer reduces exposure; autoloaders trade a loader for mechanical complexity. | 3 |
Propulsion
Engine, power and fuel.
| Engine Powerplant model and type. | V-92S2 V12 diesel |
|---|---|
| Engine power Engine output power. Higher moves more weight faster. | 1,000 hp |
| Fuel capacity Internal fuel volume. | 1,600 L |
| Propulsion type Turbofan, turboshaft, diesel, gas turbine, solid-fuel rocket, ramjet… | Diesel |
Sensors & avionics
Radar, sensor suite and datalinks.
| Sensors IRST, EO/IR turrets, laser designators, sniper pods, thermal sights. | Essa thermal sight |
|---|---|
| Thermal imaging Thermal sights for night and obscured-visibility operations. | Yes |
Munition
Round type, penetration, velocity and projectile data.
| Caliber Bore diameter the round is fired from. | 125 mm |
|---|
Program
Cost, production scale and operators.
| Operator countries Number of countries operating the system. More operators means broader support ecosystem. | 4 |
|---|
Specifications compiled from public Uralvagonzavod and reference sources ↗. Published defense figures are approximations, treat comparisons as directional. Last verified 2026-07-02.
Compare with rivals
See how it stacks up
Hyundai Rotem K2 Black Panther 
KNDS Leclerc XLR 
KNDS Leopard 2A7 Frequently asked questions
What is the top speed of the Uralvagonzavod T-90A? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90A has a maximum speed of 60 km/h.
What is the range of the Uralvagonzavod T-90A? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90A has a maximum range of 550 km.
How much does the Uralvagonzavod T-90A weigh? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90A has a combat weight of 46,500 kg.
How many crew does the Uralvagonzavod T-90A require? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90A requires a crew of 3.
What is the main armament of the Uralvagonzavod T-90A? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90A's primary weapon is the 125 mm 2A46M smoothbore with autoloader.
What engine does the Uralvagonzavod T-90A use? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90A is powered by the V-92S2 V12 diesel.
What is the Uralvagonzavod T-90A used for? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90A is a main battle tank typically used for anti armor, infantry combat.
How many countries operate the Uralvagonzavod T-90A? +
The Uralvagonzavod T-90A is operated by 4 countries.
Similar systems
Uralvagonzavod
T-72B3
Uralvagonzavod
T-14 Armata
Uralvagonzavod
T-72B3M
Uralvagonzavod